adaptive SM (ASM), optimal-hybrid SM (OH-SM) and concatenated SM (C-SM). presented three closed-loop transmit mode switching schemes for SM, viz. Of particular interest, antenna selection for SM was investigated in. In general, the closed-loop schemes of SM are based on: adaptive modulation, transmit precoding, antenna selection and combinations thereof. On this note, several closed-loop schemes for SM have been investigated. A key disadvantage of SM is that its potential for transmit diversity is not exploited. This has been primarily three-pronged: improvement of reliability, throughput and decreased system complexity. Since its introduction, a vast amount of research into SM has been performed in the research community. For example, IAS at the transmitter is not required there is no ICI at the receiver furthermore, only a single RF chain is required, consequently also improving energy efficiency. The corresponding antenna is then activated to transmit a symbol from an amplitude and/or phase modulation (APM) constellation set. The key idea of SM is to map information to the index of a transmit antenna element. On this note, spatial modulation (SM) has been proposed by Mesleh et al. For example, some of the well-known challenges are inter-channel interference (ICI) at the receiver, the requirement for inter-antenna synchronization (IAS) at the transmitter and multiple radio frequency (RF) chains, increased hardware and computational complexity. However, there are several challenges that need to be addressed. In this regard, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have gained much interest due to its potential for improvements in terms of capacity, diversity and smart antenna usage. In recent times, there is a ubiquitous demand for improved data rates and reliable transmission due to the success of cellular services, multimedia applications and the internet. Keywords: Adaptive multiple-input multiple-output, Euclidean distance-based antenna selection for spatial modulation, single transmit antenna selection with modulation. By switching between STASM and EDAS-SM, the proposed scheme minimizes the ASEP. A selection criterion for the transmission candidate is based on minimizing the instantaneous symbol error probability in every transmission interval. Hence, an adaptive transmit mode switching system based on STASM and EDAS-SM as transmission candidates is proposed. For multiple receive antennas, the cross-over point only occurs in the moderate-to-high signal-to-noise ratio region, which may be difficult to achieve in practice. However, since STASM achieves a full-diversity compared to EDAS-SM, there exists a cross-over point after which its error performance is superior to the latter. Euclidean distance-based antenna selection for spatial modulation (EDAS-SM) is an innovative closed-loop MIMO scheme that provides many advantages. The formulated ASEP expressions are relatively easy to evaluate. On this note, the average symbol error probability (ASEP) of STASM with M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) and M-ary phase shift keying (M-PSK) is formulated and validates the Monte Carlo simulation results. Single transmit antenna selection with modulation (STASM) is an important closed-loop variant of MIMO, and addresses several of its challenges, while achieving full-diversity. However, several challenges still remain. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have attracted a vast amount of interest, due to improvements offered in capacity and diversity. E-mail: of Engineering, Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa ISchool of Engineering, Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa. A study of single transmit antenna selection with modulation

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